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Dana Gardner

The books are ordered by publication date with the most recent at the top.

Warblers in Your Pocket: A Guide to the Wood-Warblers of the Upper Midwest

Dana Gardner, Holly Carver

University of Iowa Press

2016

"This newest addition to Iowa's popular series of laminated guides – the twenty-eighth in the series – illustrates the thirty-eight species of warblers that occur in the Upper Midwest states of Minnesota, Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. For each species, artist Dana Gardner provides length, range, and habitat; he illustrates male, female, and immature birds where plumage varies; and he includes birds similar to warblers such as kinglets and vireos."

Living in a Dream: Bluff Country Offerings

Nancy Overcott

Shipwreckt Books Publishing

2013

"In Living in a Dream, Bluff Country Offerings, the esteemed premier edition of Lost Lake Folk Art books, Nancy and Dana have teamed-up once again to watch over the birds, as it were, to simultaneously create new works in-the-moment and reflect on the past, on their memories. The result is a study in counterpoint: Nancy's always lucid prose searching the dark, tangled timber for a spot of intense color, Dana's sharp, black-ink illustrations leaving the imagination to paint its own image on pure white backdrops."

Ruta Barrancolí: A Bird-Finding Guide to the Dominican Republic

Steven C. Latta and Kate J. Wallace

Photographs: Dax Román E

National Aviary, USA

2012

Aves de / Birds of Saltito

ProNatura and Museo de Las Aves de Mexico

2011

Illustrated Guide to Common Animals of the East Bay Hills

UC Botanical Garden

2011

Breeding Bird Atlas of Contra Costa County

Brad Schram

Mount Diablo Audubon Society

2009

This book includes current and historical status, life history information, conservation concerns, and range maps or each of the 161 species of the birds that breed in Contra Costa County.

Aves de / Birds of Monterrey

ProNatura and Museo de Las Aves de Mexico

2009

Waterfowl in Your Pocket: A Guide to Water Birds of the Midwest

Dana Gardner

2008

"A welcome aid to identifying the many colorful and intriguing water birds of the midwestern states, from the Great Lakes west to the Dakotas, east to Ohio, and south to Kansas and Missouri. Illustrator Dana Gardner has created fourteen panels showing fifty-one species of ducks, geese, swans, grebes, pelicans, coots, cormorants, moorhens, and loons swimming and flying with complete plumage variations - dark phases, light phases, and juvenile and adult male and female forms in summer and winter. The text also includes length, common and scientific names, and frequency and distribution. Whether flying high overhead in the fall or swimming in a nearby lake in the summer, waterfowl are notoriously difficult to identify, and Gardner has worked hard to make this guide useful for beginning birders as well as those more experienced in the field."

Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Volume 2: Passerines

David R Wells

Illustrations: John Gale, Dana Gardner, Kamol Komolphalin, Brian Small

Christopher Helm

2007

"This well-illustrated volume covers the passerines of Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand and the tip of Tenasserim (Burma) with their associated island archipelagos. David Wells' historically complete accounts draw on a full range of recent field and museum research. Over 380 species are described, including topics such as systematics, distribution, plumage, biometrics, status, habitat, food and foraging, voice, behaviour, breeding biology, moult and conservation. Along with an accompanying volume, on nonpasserine species, it brings together the most complete modern summery of field survey work and other research on all the birds found in the peninsula."

Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Volume 1: Non-Passerines

David R Wells

Illustrations: Philip Burton, David Digby, Dana Gardner, Peter Hayman, Ian lewington, David Quinn, Chris Rose

Christopher Helm

2007

"In this modern handbook you'll find over 380 non-passerine species described in meticulous detail using data derived from field and museum research, as well as an immense range of information from little known or previously unpublished sources. Seventy spectacular full-colour plates feature portraits of many species covered in the book, providing a beautiful pictorial reference from some of the world's leading artists. The book is also fully referenced to a bibliography of over 800 sources."

Fifty Uncommon Birds of the Upper Midwest

Dana Gardner and Nancy Overcott

University of Iowa Press

2007

"Although the many common birds of the Upper Midwest are lovely to hear and see, there is no doubt that the uncommon birds attract more attention. In this gorgeously illustrated companion to their "Fifty Common Birds of the Upper Midwest", which provided a new appreciation of the not-so-ordinary beauty and lifeways of familiar birds, illustrator Dana Gardner and writer Nancy Overcott celebrate the rarer birds of the Upper Midwest. Gardner and Overcott selected species that are uncommon because of dwindling populations, species that may be common elsewhere but not in the Upper Midwest, species that may be abundant one year and absent the next, and species that are usually present but are seldom seen. Beginning with the surf scoter with its multicolored bill and ending with the gregarious evening grosbeak, which resembles a giant goldfinch, they pair watercolors of each species with text that portrays its life cycle, its vocalizations and appearance, and its habitat, food, and foraging methods as well as migration patterns and distribution."

Fifty Common Birds of the Upper Midwest

Dana Gardner and Nancy Overcott

University of Iowa Press

2006

"In this gathering of essays and illustrations celebrating fifty of the most common birds of the Upper Midwest, illustrator Dana Gardner and writer Nancy Overcott encourage us to take a closer look at these familiar birds with renewed appreciation for their not-so-ordinary beauty and lifeways. Beginning with the garishly colored male and the more gently colored female wood duck, whose tree cavity nest serves as a launching pad for ducklings in the summer months, and ending on a bright yellow note with the American goldfinch, whose cheerful presence enlivens the midwestern landscape all year long, Overcott combines field observations drawn from her twenty-plus years of living and birding in Minnesota's Big Woods with anecdotes and data from other ornithologists to portray each species' life cycle, its vocalizations and appearance, and its habitat, food, and foraging methods as well as migration patterns and distribution."

Raptors in Your Pocket: A Guide to Great Plains Birds of Prey

Dana Gardner and Nancy Overcott

University of Iowa Press

2006

"This newest addition to Iowa's successful series of laminated guides is a welcome aid to identifying the many challenging raptors of the Great Plains, from northern Minnesota to northern Texas. Illustrator Dana Gardner has created fourteen panels, showing twenty-six species perched and in flight with complete plumage variations - dark phases, light phases, and juvenile and adult male and female forms. The text also includes: length and wingspan, common and scientific names, and status, such as common resident or winter visitor. Raptors are notoriously hard to identify, and Gardner has worked hard to make this guide useful for beginning birders, as well as those more experienced in the field."

As Aves de Timor-Leste / Burung-Burung di Timor-Leste / The Birds of Timor-Leste

Colin R. Trainor, Brian J. Coates and K. David Bishop

BirdLife International / Dove Publications

2006

Trilingual: Indonesian / Portuguese / English

"A field guide to the 261 birds of Timor-Leste, including more than 40 species endemic to Timor and the Wallacean region. Includes 43 colour plates depicting every regularly occurring bird."

Aves del Parque Nacional Sierra de Bahoruco

Maria Paulino and Danilo Mejia

2006

A Guide to the Common Birds of Panama City

Jorge Ventocilla

Smithsonian/Panama Audubon Society

2004

Field Guide To The Birds of Belize

H. Lee Jones

Helm Field Guides

Christopher Helm

2004

(This book is presumably the same text and plates as the University of Texas book below)

"Central America is a wonderful birding area, supporting a rich and diverse avifauna. Belize is one of its more accessible and tourist-friendly countries, beginning to rival Costa Rica as the most popular Central American birding destination of all. The colour distribution maps indicate the range of breeding and visiting species. This is the first guide ever published to the birds of Belize, and will be a vital aid to all those birdwatching in this spectacular country."

Birds of Belize

H. Lee Jones

University of Texas Press

2004

(This book is presumably the same text and plates as the Helm book above)

"With nearly six hundred identified species of birds - and an average of five "new" species discovered annually - Belize is becoming a birding hotspot for amateur and professional birders from around the globe. Thousands of birders visit the country each year to enjoy Belize's amazing abundance and variety of both temperate and tropical birds in natural habitats that remain largely unspoiled. But until now, despite the growing need for an authoritative identification guide, birders have had to rely on regional field guides that offer only limited information on Belizean birds. Birds of Belize provides the first complete guide to the identification of all currently known species - 574 in all. The birds are grouped by families, with an introduction to each family that highlights its uniquely identifying characteristics and behaviors. The species accounts include all the details necessary for field identification: scientific and common names, size, plumage features, thorough voice descriptions, habitat, distribution, and status in Belize. Full color, expertly drawn illustrations by noted bird artist Dana Gardner present male and female, juvenile and adult, and basic and alternate plumages to aid visual identification throughout the year, while 234 range maps show the birds' distribution and seasonality in Belize. A comprehensive bibliography completes the volume."

Audubon to Xantus: The Lives of Those Commemorated in North American Bird Names

B. Mearns and R. Mearns

2003

"In this book, Barbara and Richard Mearns continue their research into the people behind the names started in their previous book on the European eponyms, biographies for birdwatchers. The 98 people commemorated in the current English and Latin names of birds in the American Ornithologists' Union checklist are a fascinating assembly. Travellers, explorers, collectors, museum taxonomists as well as their wives, daughters and mentors have all been immortalized in the bird names we use today. Although their claims to fame are diverse and capriciously determined by the chance and fashion of a developing taxonomy, they are as good a snapshot as any of the history of a new nation's study of birds. The Mearns' extensive research into archives in the Americas and elsewhere have unearthed the achievements of virtually all of those concerned and provided contemporary portraits of the great majority. Acquaintance with this motley gallery of people cannot help but enrich the experience of seeing the new species or of spotting an old friend at one's regular birding patch. The birds themselves are not forgotten either. A wonderful collection of over 120 species is pictured in the beautiful art of Dana Gardner. Following the style and format of biographies for birdwatchers, this new volume is dedicated to over 130 birds of America, North of Mexico. Ninety-eight biographies are presented including Steller (jay, eider, eagle), Audubon (shearwater, oriole), Baird (sandpiper, sparrow), Swainson (hawk, thrush, warbler) and Wilson (sex species?). Each biography includes delightful drawings of the eponymous species by Dana Gardner and in almost all cases, a contemporary portrait of the persons concerned."

A Field Guide to the Birds of the Yap Island

James F. Clement

Ibis Publishing Company

2003

"This is the first field guide to deal exclusively with the bird life of this important island in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. Almost every bird species known to have occurred on Yap Island is illustrated in full colour by world renowned bird artist Dana Gardner."

Birds At Your Feeder

Dana Gardner and Nancy Overcott

University of Iowa Press

2003

"This strikingly beautiful addition to Iowa's laminated guidebook series will also bring life and color to everyone who enjoys watching and nurturing winter birds. Dana Gardner's colorful and accurate paintings show birds in flight, perched, and at appropriate kinds of feeders. Nancy Overcott's text provides common and scientific names for fifty species, from the great horned owl to the red-breasted nuthatch to the white-throated sparrow, as well as average size, distribution, and preferred feeder foods. Useful for both novice and experienced birdwatchers across the entire Midwest—from the prairies and forests of North Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin south through Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and northern Oklahoma—Birds at Your Feeder is a durable and beautiful guide to one of nature's favorite winter visitors."

At Home in the Big Woods

Nancy Overcott

Serpent's Tale

2002

101 Birds of the Root River State Trail and Adjacent Southeastern Minnesota

John Levell

A Living Museum Wildlife Guide

2002

A Field Guide to the Birds of Peru

James F. Clements and Noam Shany

1st edition

2001

"The most thorough guide ever published on one of the world's most important birding countries. It includes an annotated checklist of every bird known to occur in Peru, a gazetteer of all localities mentioned in the text, and details on important bird-finding areas and accommodations. Almost 500 of the Peruvian endemic birds and specialities are illustrated in full colour on 128 colour plates. Illustrations are by Dana Gardner and Eustace Barnes."

Trogons and Quetzals of the World

Paul A. Johnsgard

2000

"Beautifully illustrated with color plates and line drawings, this comprehensive review of trogons and quetzals - the first to be published in more than 150 years - covers all 39 extant species. It includes detailed species accounts, range maps, and identification keys as well as a chapter that discusses comparative biology in terms of evolution, anatomy and morphology, behaviour, ecology, breeding, biology, and populations. Forty hand-coloured plates - most by renowned nineteenth-century illustrator John Gould and others by John O'Neill, Dan Lane, Dana Gardner, and James D. McClelland - depict adults of both sexes. Nineteen line drawings by author Paul Johnsgard illustrate behaviour and anatomy."

Harmony and Conflict in the Living World

Alexander F. Skutch

University Of Oklahoma Press

2000

Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Volume 1: Non-Passerines

David R Wells

Illustrations: Philip Burton, David Digby, Dana Gardner, Peter Hayman, Ian lewington, David Quinn, Chris Rose

Academic Press

1999

"This volume covers the avifauna of the Republic of Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand and the tip of Tenasserim (Burma), with their associated island archipelagos to latitude 11°N. This classic region of high biodiversity is home to a rich and special resident avifauna that is joined in season by a host of migrants from north Asia to create a fascinating faunal mix. Most of its bird species, and nearly all of those endemic to the region, reside in tropical forest habitats. Until surprisingly recently, these forests clothed most of the area. Now, one of the tropical world's fastest rates of agricultural conversion has swept them from all but a fraction of their former range, opening space to newcomers with quite different ecological requirements - a truly dramatic conservation problem under constant watch by ornithologists in all places accessible to field workers."

Trogons, Laughing Falcons, and Other Neotropical Birds

Alexander F. Skutch

Louise Lindsey Merrick Natural Environment Series #29

Texas A & M University Press

1999

"This book reveals the lifetime dedication of an expert naturalist who for seventy years has studied birds in tropical America, from Mexico to Peru and Venezuela."

Helpers at Birds' Nests: A Worldwide Survey of Cooperative Breeding and Related Behavior

Alexander F. Skutch

University of Iowa Press

Expanded edition

1999

"Provides vivid, detailed accounts of a remarkable aspect of bird behavior - the aid that one bird gives another who is neither its mate nor its dependent young and who may even belong to a different species. Skutch describes the cooperative behavior of more than fifty families of birds. Each family is introduced by a brief sketch of its distribution and outstanding features, followed by intimate, nontechnical accounts of the helpful behaviors that have been most carefully studied. Skutch considers the significance of helpful birds and discusses the theoretical aspects of cooperative breeding, its evolution, kin selection, altruism, and demography."

Life of the Flycatcher

Alexander F. Skutch

University of Oklahoma

1997

"The American flycatcher is the subject of this enchanting book by a renowned ornithologist, who draws upon personal observations and extensive research to portray this family over its vast range."

A Guide to the Birds of Wallacea: Sulawesi, The Moluccas and Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia

Brian J. Coates, K.D. Bishop

Dove Publications

1997

"A major guide to the birds of the region. The avifauna of this region is a fascinating mix of Asian and Australasian elements but, more importantly, it hosts an extraordinary high number of 249 endemic bird species. This book treats and illustrates all of the 697 species of birds reliably recorded in Wallacea up to July 1996. Intended to serve as both an identification guide and reference the book has two main sections: an identification section comprising the plates and a detailed plate caption text, and a family and species account section that provides detailed information on distribution, abundance, ecology, habits and voice."

Antbirds and Ovenbirds: Their Lives and Homes

Alexander F. Skutch

Corrie Herring Hooks Series

University of Texas Press

1996

"Antbirds and ovenbirds, two of the five largest families of birds found only in the Western Hemisphere, have been among Alexander Skutch's favorites for more than six decades. In this book, he draws on years of observations to describe the life cycle of these fascinating birds, which inhabit Latin America from tropical Mexico to Tierra del Fuego. Skutch covers all aspects of the birds' lives, including the various species in each family, food and foraging, daily life, voice, displays and courtship, nests and incubation, and parental care. He also recounts anecdotes from his own experiences, creating vivid pictures of antbirds foraging for the insects Skutch stirs up on walks through the rainforest and of ovenbirds repairing the observation holes that he opens in their elaborate nests."

Orioles, Blackbirds, and Their Kin: A Natural History

Alexander F. Skutch

University of Arizona Press

1996

"From blackbirds and orioles to meadowlarks, grackles, and cowbirds, the variety and variation shown by members of the family Icteridae is legend. The family exhibits great diversity in size and coloration, mating and nest building, and habits and habitats. This group of 94 New World species once known as the troupials is well represented in backyards across America; yet most icterids are tropical or semi-tropical species that remain largely unstudied. The least known of these species are perhaps best known to Alexander Skutch, who has studied birds in a Costa Rican tropical valley for more than half a century. In this fascinating book - the first devoted exclusively to the icterids - he combines his own observations with those of other naturalists to provide a comparative natural history and biology of this remarkable family of birds. Devoting a separate chapter to each major group or genus, he delineates the outstanding characteristics of each and includes observations of little-studied tropical species such as caciques and oropendolas. Orioles, Blackbirds, and Their Kin is an eminently readable natural history in the classic style. Enhanced by 31 scratchboard illustrations, this book will delight nature enthusiasts everywhere with its fascinating exposition of avian diversity. Because so much of the published information on the icterids is widely scattered, Skutch's painstaking compilation has created a valuable reference work that will provide students and researchers with a wealth of new insights into the tropical members of this New World family."

The Minds of Birds

Alexander F. Skutch

Louise Lindsey Merrick Natural Environment Series #23

Texas A&M University Press

1996

"In this controversial culmination of a lifelong quest, Alexander F. Skutch, a well-known ornithologist who has studied birds for more than sixty years, makes a case for "believing that birds' mental capacities have been grossly underestimated." Lacking hard scientific proofs of what birds think and feel, we are left, Skutch argues, with inferences gleaned from observation of their behavior. His intimate, six-decade study of tropical and north temperate birds and his wide survey of the literature inform this remarkable review of the psychic life of birds. Although varying widely by species, many birds have a striking ability to recognize as individuals not only other birds of their own kind (which all look alike to humans), but also familiar humans, even after a long absence. They have good memories and give indications of forethought. Only humans take more elaborate care of their offspring than most birds do, and few animals of any kind live in such closely united families as those of cooperatively breeding birds, which carefully avoid incest. The diverse play of birds suggests their capacity for enjoyment. They can be taught to count up to eight, and some are known to use tools. The tastefully adorned constructions of bower birds and the songs of many other species also point strongly to an aesthetic sense. The journeys of migrants between known breeding and wintering territories separated by thousands of miles speak of memory and navigational skills that baffle human observers. True, Skutch concludes, inferential evidence only suggests hypotheses and cannot offer scientific proof. Nonetheless, his carefully gathered and documented observations, delightfully reported, accord with the strong intuition of many bird lovers that birds are not unfeeling automata but sensitive creatures, aware of what they do. Birders and behaviorist ornithologists alike will find Skutch's work provocative and rewarding–no more easily dismissed than the apparently purposeful behavior of the birds he describes."

Birds: An Illustrated Field Guide to the Birds of Singapore

Lim Kim Seng and Dana Gardner

1995

"This book is a comprehensive sourcebook and field guide for expert and amateur birdwatchers, students and nature lovers. Author Lim Kim Seng has assembled scientific and field information based on years of birdwatching experience and conscientious study of birds and their behaviour. To illustrate the wealth of information, Dana Gardner, a serious birdwatcher himself, and a painter, has captured exquisite and accurate details of 350 birds in 40 main plates."

The Origins of Nature's Beauty: Essays

Alexander F. Skutch

Corrie Herring Hooks Series

University of Texas Press

1992

"A lifetime's keen observation of the physical world has led Alexander Skutch to ask deeply philosophical questions about the nature of "nature." In this thought-provoking study, he turns his attention to the problem of how "quality"--beauty, goodness, morality--has arisen in a process of evolution that appears to favor sheer "quantity." Skutch draws his examples from the natural wonders he knows best--birds, butterflies, and flowers. He shows how each uses beauty to attract mates or pollinators and repel or hide from predators--all instances where quality serves the goal of increasing the quantity of a species. More than this, Skutch offers intriguing evidence that animals may possess an aesthetic sense and consciously choose beautiful objects, just as humans do. These views, running counter to prevailing mechanistic explanations of natural processes, offer food for thought to both specialists and the general public."

A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica

F.G. Stiles and Alexander F. Skutch

Cornell University Press

1991

"This lavishly illustrated book is the most comprehensive treatment of a rich tropical avifauna ever presented in a single volume suitable for its use in the field. With is full coverage of waterbirds and migrants as well as resident tropical species, and its coverage of such topics as plumages, vocalizations, food habits, nesting, and distribution, it is truly a guide to the birds themselves, not merely a guide to their identification. Gary Stiles and Alexander Skutch first set the stage for the birds by briefly describing the landforms, vegetation, and climates of Costa Rica. For those who want to take "that second long look" to interpret what they see, the authors discuss some aspects of evolution, ecology, and behavior of Costa Rican birds, and report on the costly and courageous conservation efforts the country is making in face of discouraging odds. The family and species accounts that follow, covering some 400 pages, make up the bulk of the book, with 52 magnificent color plates illustrating virtually ever species of Costa Rican bird, migrants as well as residents."

Life of the Pigeon

Alexander F. Skutch

Cornell University Press

1991

This work describes pigeon behaviour and ecology, as well as pigeons' special relationship with man, particularly their ability as homing pigeons.

Life Of The Tanager

Alexander F. Skutch

Cornell University Press

1989

"Alexander F. Skutch has spent more than 40 years studying Neotropical birds, mostly in southern Costa Rica, where he makes his home. In this charming book he observes the habits of the tanagers, a family of some 230 species of brightly colored, predominantly fruit-eating birds of the New World. Skutch describes many of the unusual things he has seen tanagers do, and details their behavior: how they forage and feed, vocalize, interact with one another, court, and breed. He tells how they nest, care for their young, and defend against predators, and shows them in such daily activities as grooming and sleeping. His final chapter is devoted to the present status of tanagers in relation to humans and the destruction of their physical environment."

Life Of The Woodpeckers

Alexander F. Skutch

Cornell University Press

1988

A detailed account of the lives of woodpeckers with 60 plates by Dana Gardner.

Helpers at Birds' Nests: A Worldwide Survey of Cooperative Breeding and Related Behavior

Alexander F. Skutch

University of Iowa Press

1987

Expanded edition published in 1999.

"In graceful, clear prose, Skutch makes accessible to amateur bird-watchers examples of cooperation in species as far-flung as the little rifleman of New Zealand, the Laysan albatross in the mid Pacific, and the neotropical birds of Skutch's own Valley of El General in Costa Rica. Skutch describes the cooperative behavior of more than fifty families of birds. Each family is introduced by a brief sketch of its distribution and outstanding features, followed by intimate, nontechnical accounts of the helpful behaviors that have been most carefully studied. Skutch considers the significance of helpful birds and discusses the theoretical aspects of cooperative breeding, its evolution, kin selection, altruism, and demography."

A Naturalist Amid Tropical Splendor

Alexander F. Skutch

University of Iowa Press

1987

"In this reflective account of life in the tropics, Alexander Skutch offers readers both his observations and his interpretations of what he has experienced. In the many chapters about birds and their behavior, he describes a dove that defends its nest with rare courage, castlebuilders who create elaborate nests of interlaced twigs, oropendolas that cluster long woven pouches in high treetops, and an exceptionally graceful hummingbird who fails to pay for its nectar by pollinating the flowers that yield it. Skutch also describes curious plants and their flowers, including a birthwort that holds its pollinating flies captive and fern fronds that twine high up trunks in the rain forest."

Nature Through Tropical Windows

Alexander F. Skutch

University Of California Press

1984

Birds of Tropical America

Alexander F. Skutch

Corrie Herring Hooks Series

University of Texas Press

1983

"Describes the behavior, nesting habits, and life cycles of the various types of birds in the tropical forests of South and Central America."

Birds Of Monteverde

Bob W. Law and Michael P.L. Fogden

Pension Quetzal

1981

A 32 page checklist with b/w illustrations.

New Studies of Tropical American Birds

Alexander F. Skutch

Nuttall Ornithological Club publication 19

1981

A Naturalist on a Tropical Farm

Alexander F. Skutch

University Of California Press

1980

Rare Birds of the West Coast

Don Roberson

Woodcock Publications

1980

Introduccion a Las Aves de Colombia

Humberto Alvarez

Banco Popular

1979

A Bird Watcher's Adventures in Tropical America

Alexander F. Skutch

Corrie Herring Hooks Series

University of Texas Press

1978

"A well-known naturalist and bird-watcher tells of some of his more memorable experiences during journeys through the wilds of Mexico and Central and South America in the 1930s and early 1940s."